Tuesday 24 January 2012

OS QUIZ QUESTIONS



1.       Define Operating systems.
2.       What is use of resource abstraction?
3.       Write short notes on batch processing systems.
4.       What are basic functions of operating systems?
5.       Define process and draw process state diagram
6.       Define PCB and draw diagram.
7.       Define program counter and interrupt.
8.       Write differences between ready queue and I/O queue.
9.       What are types of schedulers and define those.
10.   Define context switching and threads.
11.   What are benefits of threads and types of threads?
12.   Define CPU burst and I/O burst.
13.   What is preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling?
14.   Define dispatcher and throughput.
15.   Define race condition.
16.   Write short notes on critical section problem.
17.   What are requirements of critical section problem?
18.   What are hardware commands in synchronization of hardware?
19.   Define semaphore and spin locks.
20.   Define convey effect and starvation.

Saturday 21 January 2012

Most Frequently Asked General Interview Questions


Most Frequently Asked General Interview Questions

Tell me about yourself
My name is srinivas and I am from banglore the Industrial capital of India. I did my schooling from banglore After that I perused graduation in B.Com from gitam university  with aggregate percentage of 76%. During my graduation I was involved in many extra-curricular activities. I also participated in many debate and dance competitions in which I stood second position. I always believe in right attitude and my strength lies in my positive attitude and to understand every situation in a positive way.
Where do you see yourself five years from now?
“In five years I hope to be work with your organization in a responsible position that enables me to utilize my talents and work closely with my colleagues in solving important problems. I see myself taking on new and exciting challenges in an enjoyable environment and bring some positive result within your organization.”
Why did you leave your last job?
“Sir/Madam I was not getting the challenge and the type of work for which I want to work for. I always had the dream to work with your organization but to be in a safer side I was working in my previous job”.
Do you consider yourself successful?
“Yes, I believe in setting goals and thereby putting efforts to achieve that goal. Some times I do fail in achieving goal but immediately after the failure I analyze my mistakes and converting it to the success.”
What do you know about this organization?
“For this answer go www.wikipedia.com and search for your organization and make notes of that content and prepare yourself for the interview.”
Why do you want to work for this organization?
Tell something positive things about this company and relate with your goal.
“Sir/Madam Railway is the biggest employer in the world and is considered as the one of the best management organization which manages thousand of the trains daily, so definitely it would give me the challenge to work, it will teach me to manage everything in a different way apart from this I will get chance to meet different sections of people from the globe and will get the opportunity to resolve their issues.”
Or
“Sir/Madam Banking sector is the backbone of the country and your bank is considered as the best customer satisfaction bank so I will not get only chance to work with big brand but also get the opportunity to work in a challenging environment. I will be able to nourish my skill and get opportunity to understand customer’s behavior there by nurturing my managerial skill.”
Do you know anyone who works for us?
“If any of your relative/friend/neighbor work for this organization just tell them their post and location.”
What are the feedback’s you receive from them about our organization?
“Sir/Madam I don’t think I need to take any feedback from them as he/she is working from last 8 years and this itself shows that this organization is so good.”
Or Yes sir/madam we talk sometime and he tells the very interesting facts like working culture and transparency in your process.Are you a good team player?
“Yes, I am always involved in class activities during my graduation time and participated in many games in which I played as a team player aswell as captain and won many competitions.”
Explain how you would be an asset to this organization OR Why should we hire you?
“The most important thing in life is a right attitude and I believe myself a positive thinker so this would help to make good coordination with the colleagues there by making the office environment healthy.”
Tell me any changes that would you like to bring within this organization.
“As there is no big change required but at some levels little things needs to be changed like proper evaluation of the employee that would help him/her to get better opportunity within organization. Motivation classes which will reduce stress level and up-to-date training on modern functionalities that will make employee more effective and result driven.”
What is more important to you: the money or the work?
“Both are equally important. If I am given a good work but not rewarded or paid well then definitely my morale will get reduce similarly if I am paid well but has not been assigned good work then my skill will get down.”
What motivates you to do your best on the job?
“Challenging work, continuous learning and career scope”
Would you be willing to relocate if required?
“I always believe in flexibility. But my first priority will always be my home location but in this current scenario I am ready to locate anywhere because at the initial level I have to learn and make me effective”.
If you were hiring a person for this job, what would you look for?
“Flexibility, Positive attitude, learning spirit” Do you have any questions for me? “Always have some questions prepared.”Or“What is the future plan for your organization in terms of market perspective?” Or “How organization is taking help of technology to become world class organization”
Why have you chosen the government job over private jobs as private jobs gives more salary and perks?
“Recently we have seen the downfall of Satyam this was the eye opener for whole globe that private jobs are not secured, definitely we can get good salary but in terms of life satisfaction and social coordination only government job can give”Or “Six pay commissions have already come into existence so we will get the same level of salary as private job gives.”Or To be secured government job is always being the best over private jobs.”
What are your strengths?
“My strengths are interpersonal skills, and I can usually win people over to my point of view. Also, I have good judgment about people and an intuitive sense of their talents and their ability to contribute to a given problem. “ Or “I am a regular improver (try to show that you are regular improver). My percentage has consistently increased from class 10th to graduation.” Or ”I never loose hope this is my third attempt after the two times rejection in written test and this time I cleared the test and sitting in front of you”
What are some of your major weaknesses?
This is not the time to confess all your problems or to confidently say you have no weaknesses. The best way to handle this question is to mention personal weaknesses that should look strength also that you have already improved upon. For example,
“I have a real weakness for chocolate that tends to go right to my waist! I’m watching my calories carefully these days!”Or“I’ve never been good with accounting. I’m glad this job doesn’t involve accounting.”Or “I have a tendency to take on too much on my own. I am working on this by delegating more.”Or I am not too much social .I am working on this by interacting relatives/friends and attending social parties
How do you manage stress in your daily work?
“I try to get out for lunch at least once during the week to clear my head.” Or “I memorize the best moment of my life and just reducing the stress.”
Educational Background Why did you attend that particular college?
“I chose this college because of its competitive atmosphere and the good reputation. This college emphasizes on practical, job-related courses and student participation in activities related to their specific career plans”.
Did your family have any influence on your choice of college?
“My family is always supportive to me and gives suggestions in a needful time, but they realized I was pretty sure of myself and knew what I wanted. They stood back and let me decide. They agreed with my decision and encouraged me to go ahead with this.”
Why didn’t you do better in school or your marks are so less?
“Apart from studies I was just involved with other activities and growing up. I always got along with my teachers and classmates, and I even won awards for (perfect attendance/science projects/debate club). The importance of grades did not have an impact on me then. I believe in clarifying the concept and in exams, apart from knowledge some others factors plays a very important role like writing speed and hand writing. Today I am sitting in front of you because of my clear concept and reducing the mistakes that brought low marks.”
What was your favorite subject in college?
“Name those subjects which you know very well. Try to prepare at least two subject of your graduation before going to interview.”
Did your grade/marks average reflect your work ability?
“My grades were above average to excellent, and I think my work record has been the same. There is a different method of evaluation in school, of course, and I’ve worked harder on the job than I did in school. At work, it is results that count, and I have always been able to achieve results. It’s not just what you know, but what you do with what you know. This has always been my formula for career success. “ OR ”I earned average grades in school, but my work record has been good to excellent. In school you are evaluated simply by how well you show what you know. At work it’s what you do with what you know, the results you achieve counts for everything. I have always concentrated on the result, and I’ve always delivered. ”
Name two things you learned in your college that can help you in job.
“Many of the subjects I studied in school specifically apply to this field, including … ,…, and … Yet what school really taught me that has worked throughout my career was how to solve problems, how to apply myself, and, finally, how to set a goal and achieve it.”
Do you subscribe to any magazines or professional journals? Which ones?
“Yes, I subscribe to and read ______________. (Mention the most influential journals in your field. If you don’t know then simply say I used to read news paper.”
What is your hobby/interest?
.....................................................

HACKING and CYBER SECURITY: Nokia Kinetic:Future Phone 0

HACKING and CYBER SECURITY: Nokia Kinetic:Future Phone 0: Nokia is a leading company as the manufacturer of Smartphones as well as mobile phones with superior quality and warranty. Trust is the...

Friday 6 January 2012

Dhoni the greatest Indian captain - Ganguly

Dhoni the greatest Indian captain - Ganguly(what's more proof Wewant????????)

*Sourav Ganguly, who led India to the final of the 2003 World Cup, has called MS Dhoni the greatest Indian captain. Dhoni led India to victory in the 2011 World Cup, with a crucial unbeaten 91 in the final against Sri Lanka and Ganguly said Dhoni's leadership record in each of the game's three formats spoke for itself.

**
"There can't be any doubt about it," Ganguly told Mid-Day. "Dhoni is the greatest captain of our country. His record is proof of that. Under Dhoni, India have won the Twenty20 World Cup and the Asia Cup. Under him, India have become the No. 1 ranked side in Test cricket. And now, we have won the World Cup. Obviously, he is the greatest ever captain to lead India."

CAPTAIN COOL Mahender singh dhoni


guys just look at Mahender singh dhoni, he already has a legacy with him. he has killed the best sides at their turf within 1-2 years of captaincy. he has created a team who every1 in the world will fear.


while i accept ganguly was a successful captain but i don't think he can ever come close to what Dhoni has already achieved. people who talk about him being most successful captain should also know that he had lost most numbers of finals as an Indian captain.




Dhoni is creating a dress room chemistry by skilled man-management but wat ganguly did was creating camps, he actually used shout at players, abuse them, Have anyone of you seen Dhoni doing this???


I know know it doesn't matter much now but ganguly ruined the career of Off-spinner Sunil Joshi.


Ganguly has got just victories to his name but MSD has the victories along with EUPHORIA around the team.


Under Ganguly team never threatened the No.1 position holders, now we are all set to be No.1.


so after all Dhoni has proved himself way better then Ganguly

Wednesday 4 January 2012

QUESTION 1




COMPARE PROCEDURE ORIENTED LANGUAGE & OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUAGE  ?


Procedure Oriented language
1.Prime focus is on functions and procedures that operate on data
2.Large programs are divided into smaller program units called functions
3.Data and the functions that act upo it are treated as separate entities.
4.Data move freely around the systems from one function to another.
5.Program design follows “Top Down Approach”.


Object Oriented Language


1.Here more emphasis is laid on the data that is being operated and not the functions or procedures
2.Programs are divided into what are called objects.
3.Both data and functions are treated together as an integral entity.
4.Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions.
5.Program design follows “Bottom UP Approach”.
6. Modules can be easily used and repeated anywhere in the source code.
7. You can implement polymorphism techniques- "One name having multiple forms"
8. You can use inheritance to acquire the properties of object of another class/Superclass.
 9.Object oriented techniques helps an approach to design classes and group similiar classes into packages which makes large software easier to manage.

QUESTION 2


EXPLAIN CRITERIA FOR THE LANGUAGE DESIGN


Language Design Criteria
• Efciency
• Regularity
• Simplicity
• Expressiveness
• Machine independence
• Security
• Consistency
• Preciseness
• Extensibility/Restrictability


1) E!ciency (Cost)
• Execution
• Translation
• Implementability
• Programming
• Maintenanc

2) Regularity
• language feature integration
– restrictions on use of features
– strange interactions
– surprises about behavior
• three subcategories
– generality
– orthogonality
– uniformity

3)Simplicity
• Pascal, Basic and C are simple
• di!cult to achieve
• not regularity – Algol 68
• not small number of constructs
• can make use complex
• the trade-o" between orthogonality and simplicity is a central decision in language design

4)Expressiveness
• Ease with which language can
express complex processes
and structures
• example: recursion (Lisp, Algol 60)
• in conflict with simplicity three loops (while, for, repeat)
expressive but not simple
• may not be readable string copy from K&R
while(*s++ = *t++)


5) Machine Independence
• hard to impossible
• example: floating point numbers
• isolate and identify dependencies

6) Security
• discourage programming errors
• allows errors to be discovered and
reported
• features that support security
– typing, type checking
– variable declarations
– subscript range checking
• at odds with expressiveness and conciseness

7) Consistency 
• should be easy to learn byexperienced programmers
• standard concepts should berecognizable
fns, vars, if, while

8) Preciseness
• precise definitionmanual or standards document
• benefit: predictable translator
• should be comprehensibleAlgol 68 used W-gramma

9) Extensibility/Restrictability
• extensibility examples:user-defined types, fns from libraries
• restrict to a useful subset

question 3

EXPLAIN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE IMPLEMENTATION



A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of a machine (i.e. a computer) that executes programs like a physical machine. Virtual machines are separated into two major categories, based on their use and degree of correspondence to any real machine. A system virtual machine provides a complete system platform which supports the execution of a complete operating system (OS). In contrast, a process virtual machine is designed to run a single program, which means that it supports a single process. An essential characteristic of a virtual machine is that the software running inside is limited to the resources and abstractions provided by the virtual machine—it cannot break out of its virtual world.
A virtual machine was originally defined by Popek and Goldberg as "an efficient, isolated duplicate of a real machine". Current use includes virtual machines which have no direct correspondence to any real hardware.
System virtual machines
See also: Hardware virtualization and Comparison of platform virtual machines
System virtual machines
multiple OS environments can co-exist on the same computer, in strong isolation from each other
the virtual machine can provide an instruction set architecture (ISA) that is somewhat different from that of the real machine
application provisioning, maintenance, high availability and disaster recovery
The main disadvantages of VMs are:
a virtual machine is less efficient than a real machine when it accesses the hardware indirectly
when multiple VMs are concurrently running on the same physical host, each VM may exhibit a varying and unstable performance (Speed of Execution, and not results), which highly depends on the workload imposed on the system by other VMs, unless proper techniques are used for temporal isolation among virtual machines.
Multiple VMs each running their own operating system (called guest operating system) are frequently used in server consolidation, where different services that used to run on individual machines to avoid interference are instead run in separate VMs on the same physical machine.
The desire to run multiple operating systems was the original motivation for virtual machines, as it allowed time-sharing a single computer between several single-tasking Operation Systems. In some respects, a system virtual machine can be considered a generalization of the concept of virtual memory that historically preceded it. IBM's CP/CMS, the first systems to allow full virtualization, implemented time sharing by providing each user with a single-user operating system, the CMS. Unlike virtual memory, a system virtual machine allowed the user to use privileged instructions in their code. This approach had certain advantages, for instance it allowed users to add input/output devices not allowed by the standard system.
The guest OSes do not have to be compliant with the hardware making it possible to run different OSes on the same computer (e.g., Microsoft Windows and Linux, or older versions of an OS to support software that has not yet been ported to the latest version). The use of virtual machines to support different guest OSes is becoming popular in embedded systems; a typical use is to support a real-time operating system at the same time as a high-level OS such as Linux or Windows.
Another use is to sandbox an OS that is not trusted, possibly because it is a system under development. Virtual machines have other advantages for OS development, including better debugging access and faster reboots.
Process virtual machines
See also: Application virtualization, Run-time system, and Comparison of application virtual machines
A process VM, sometimes called an application virtual machine, runs as a normal application inside a host OS and supports a single process. It is created when that process is started and destroyed when it exits. Its purpose is to provide a platform-independent programming environment that abstracts away details of the underlying hardware or operating system, and allows a program to execute in the same way on any platform.
A process VM provides a high-level abstraction — that of a high-level programming language (compared to the low-level ISA abstraction of the system VM). Process VMs are implemented using an interpreter; performance comparable to compiled programming languages is achieved by the use of just-in-time compilation.
This type of VM has become popular with the Java programming language, which is implemented using the Java virtual machine. Other examples include the Parrot virtual machine, which serves as an abstraction layer for several interpreted languages, and the .NET Framework, which runs on a VM called the Common Language Runtime.
A special case of process VMs are systems that abstract over the communication mechanisms of a (potentially heterogeneous) computer cluster. Such a VM does not consist of a single process, but one process per physical machine in the cluster. They are designed to ease the task of programming parallel applications by letting the programmer focus on algorithms rather than the communication mechanisms provided by the interconnect and the OS. They do not hide the fact that communication takes place, and as such do not attempt to present the cluster as a single parallel machine.
Unlike other process VMs, these systems do not provide a specific programming language, but are embedded in an existing language; typically such a system provides bindings for several languages (e.g., C and FORTRAN). Examples are PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) and MPI (Message Passing Interface). They are not strictly virtual machines, as the applications running on top still have access to all OS services, and are therefore not confined to the system model provided by the "VM".

Monday 2 January 2012

JAVA DIFFERENT VERSIONS AND FEATURES


New features in Java 2SE 1.7

  • Strings in switch Statement
  • Type Inference for Generic Instance Creation
  • Multiple Exception Handling
  • Support for Dynamic Languages
  • Try with Resources
  • Java nio Package
  • Binary Literals, underscore in literals
  • Diamond Syntax
  • Automatic null Handling

New features in Java 2SE 1.6

  • Scripting Language Support
  • JDBC 4.0 API
  • Java Compiler API
  • Pluggable Annotations
  • Native PKI, Java GSS, Kerberos and LDAP support.
  • Integrated Web Services.
  • Lot more enhancements.

New features in J2SE 1.5

  • Generics
  • Enhanced for Loop
  • Autoboxing/Unboxing
  • Typesafe Enums
  • Varargs
  • Static Import
  • Metadata (Annotations)
  • Instrumentation

New features in J2SE 1.4

  • XML Processing
  • Java Print Service
  • Logging API
  • Java Web Start
  • JDBC 3.0 API
  • Assertions
  • Preferences API
  • Chained Exception
  • IPv6 Support
  • Regular Expressions
  • Image I/O API

New features in J2SE 1.3

  • Java Sound
  • Jar Indexing
  • A huge list of enhancements in almost all the java area.

New features in J2SE 1.2

  • Collections framework.
  • Java String memory map for constants.
  • Just In Time (JIT) compiler.
  • Jar Signer for signing Java ARchive (JAR) files.
  • Policy Tool for granting access to system resources.
  • Java Foundation Classes (JFC) which consists of Swing 1.0, Drag and Drop, and Java 2D class libraries.
  • Java Plug-in
  • Scrollable result sets, BLOB, CLOB, batch update, user-defined types in JDBC.
  • Audio support in Applets.

New features in JDK 1.1

  • JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
  • Inner Classes
  • Java Beans
  • RMI (Remote Method Invocation)
  • Reflection (introspection only)